The UN-sponsored Bonn Conference in 2001 established a process for political reconstruction that included the adoption of a new constitution, a presidential election in 2004, and National Assembly elections in 2005.
In December 2004, Hamid KARZAI became the first democratically elected president of Afghanistan and the National Assembly was inaugurated the following December. Despite gains toward building a stable central government, a resurgent Taliban and continuing provincial instability - particularly in the south and the east - remain serious challenges for the Afghan Government. 
An injured Afghan National Army soldier is helped by his colleagues to safety during a fierce gunbattle in Helmand province, Afghanistan, on Friday, Jan. 29, 2010. A fierce gunbattle broke out between security forces and a team of Taliban fighters targeting U.N. and government buildings on Friday in the provincial capital of Lashkar Gah. The fighting came nearly two weeks after a similar assault in the Afghan capital of Kabul, once again showing the ability of insurgents to penetrate heavily secured areas.
The body of a suspected Taliban fighter lies on the ground asurrounded by security forces soon at the end of a fierce gun battle in Helmand province, Afghanistan, on Friday, Jan. 29, 2010. 
Afghan National Army soldiers stand in front a building damaged during a fierce gun battle in Helmand province, Afghanistan, Friday, Jan. 29, 2010. 
A British soldier stands by the shattered windows of a building damaged during a fierce gun battle in Helmand province, Afghanistan, Friday, Jan. 29, 2010. 
British soldiers take rest during a fierce gunbattle in Helmand province, Afghanistan, Friday, Jan. 29, 2010. A fierce gun battle broke out between security forces and a team of Taliban fighters targeting U.N. and government building in the provincial capital of Lashkar Gah. The fighting came nearly two weeks after a similar assault in the Afghan capital of Kabul, once again showing the ability of insurgents to penetrate heavily secured areas.
An injured Afghan National Army soldier is helped by his colleagues to safety during a fierce gunbattle in Helmand province, Afghanistan, on Friday, Jan. 29, 2010. A fierce gunbattle broke out between security forces and a team of Taliban fighters targeting U.N. and government buildings on Friday in the provincial capital of Lashkar Gah. The fighting came nearly two weeks after a similar assault in the Afghan capital of Kabul, once again showing the ability of insurgents to penetrate heavily secured areas.The body of a suspected Taliban fighter lies on the ground asurrounded by security forces soon at the end of a fierce gun battle in Helmand province, Afghanistan, on Friday, Jan. 29, 2010. Afghan National Army soldiers stand in front a building damaged during a fierce gun battle in Helmand province, Afghanistan, Friday, Jan. 29, 2010. A British soldier stands by the shattered windows of a building damaged during a fierce gun battle in Helmand province, Afghanistan, Friday, Jan. 29, 2010. British soldiers take rest during a fierce gunbattle in Helmand province, Afghanistan, Friday, Jan. 29, 2010. A fierce gun battle broke out between security forces and a team of Taliban fighters targeting U.N. and government building in the provincial capital of Lashkar Gah. The fighting came nearly two weeks after a similar assault in the Afghan capital of Kabul, once again showing the ability of insurgents to penetrate heavily secured areas.
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